Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut · Published 2026-07-30 · DOI 10.21608/bfsa.2026.491796.3130
Nadheerah Falih Neamah, Shahad Ali Naeem, Asia Selman Abdullah
Background: The liver and heart, due to high metabolic demands, are vulnerable to oxidative damage. Glycerol administration induces acute cardiac and hepatic injury, reflected by elevated biomarkers: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin I, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Carvedilol (CAR), a non-selective β-blocker with antioxidant properties, and sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), a stable chlorophyll derivative with free radical scavenging activity, may offer protection. Methods: Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10): control (saline), glycerol-induced injury (8 mL/kg/day IM for 5 days), CAR (2.5 mg/kg/day oral for 14 days), SCC (50 mg/kg/day oral for 14 days), and combination (CAR+SCC). Liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP), cardiac biomarkers (CK, LDH, troponin I), and histology of liver and heart were assessed. Results: Glycerol treatment significantly increased all injury markers vs. controls (p<0.05). CAR and SCC both reduced these elevations, with SCC showing more effective responses. Combination therapy (G5) lowered CK from 1753±875 to 389±61 U/L, LDH from 1301±140 to 317±105 U/L, troponin I from 87±8 to 23±2.6 pg/mL, ALT from 101±44 to 41±16 U/L, AST from 487±90 to 172±50 U/L, and ALP from 499±35 to 385±62 U/L. Histopathology showed severe cardiac congestion and hepatocyte destruction in G2, whereas G5 exhibited nearly normal cardiac muscle fibers and hepatocytes with minimal damage. Conclusion: Carvedilol and sodium copper chlorophyllin protect against glycerol-induced oxidative cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats via ROS reduction, membrane stabilization, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Dual therapy synergistically restores biochemical markers and normal histology.
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Neamah, N., Naeem, S., Abdullah, A. (2026). Attenuation of Glycerol-Induced Cardiac and Hepatic Oxidative Injury by Carvedilol and Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin in female Rats. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut. https://doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2026.491796.3130