Ecosystem Health and Sustainability · Published 2026-01-01 · DOI 10.34133/ehs.0574
The interactions between ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand constitute a fundamental component of the human–land system and are crucial for regional planning and management. However, existing studies have paid relatively limited attention to the spatial matching patterns and influencing factors of mismatches between ES supply and demand. Focusing on the Yellow River Basin, this study used the InVEST model, Spearman correlation analysis, the supply–demand ratio index (SDI), and bivariate spatial autocorrelation to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of 4 typical ESs and their matching patterns from 2000 to 2020. Based on the SDI results, SDI bundles were classified and their driving factors were analyzed. The results indicated that (a) ES supply and demand showed an upward trend, except for soil conservation (SC) demand. The supply/demand pairs were synergistic, with weak trade-offs in food production (FP) supply and SC demand in downstream areas. (b) The spatial distribution of SDI was heterogeneous, with imbalance zones mainly in the northern upstream, northwestern midstream, and downstream estuarine zones for water yield (WY), and in the downstream and midstream areas along the river for carbon storage (CS), where surplus zones for SC and FP were also observed. (c) Four SDI bundles were identified, and their natural and social drivers were examined. Finally, a differentiated zoning management strategy was proposed. The findings enhance the understanding of ES management and offer practical guidance for region-specific sustainability.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
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