Vaccine: X · Published 2026-07-24 · DOI 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100881
Motoyuki Tsuboi, Michiko Toizumi, Lien Thuy Le, Dat Thanh Le, Que Anh Luong, Hien Anh Thi Nguyen, Hien Minh Vo, Mai Kim Huynh, Hoang Huy Le, Tran Nhu Duong, Hung Thai Do, Masahiko Hachiya, Lay-Myint Yoshida
Background: Despite high reported routine vaccination coverage at 9 and 18 months, measles outbreaks occur every 3–5 years in Viet Nam, as in other low- and middle-income countries. However, measles seroepidemiology and risk factors for low seroprevalence among children remain unclear. Methods: We conducted two cross-sectional studies on newborns and pediatric cases aged 1 month to 5 years using stored samples and information from a birth cohort study (July 2017–September 2018), and surveillance for childhood acute respiratory infections (September 2017–August 2022) in Nha Trang, respectively. We assessed age-specific measles seroprevalence by enzyme immunoassay for anti-measles IgG antibodies and the associations with their characteristics using logistic regression. Results: Of 1008 newborns, seroprevalence was 83.7%. We found lower measles seroprevalence in cord blood from mothers aged ≤24 years, compared with those aged ≥35 years (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.11 [0.04–0.26]), and from mothers in suburban communes (0.67 [0.47–0.96]). Among 1547 pediatric cases, seroprevalence was 43.0%, 68.0%, and 77.9% for those aged 1≤9 months, 9≤18 months, and ≥ 18 months, respectively, with the lowest seroprevalence of 26.0% at 8 months. We found lower measles seroprevalence among cases aged <9 months and 9≤18 months (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.27–0.69] and 0.62 [0.43–0.89], respectively, compared with those aged ≥18 months), those in households with ≥4 members (0.62 [0.42–0.91]), and those without measles vaccination history (0.35 [0.26–0.48]). Conclusions: Risk-based interventions, particularly early measles vaccination, should be considered for protecting vulnerable children from measles.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
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Tsuboi, M., Toizumi, M., Le, L., et al. (2026). Measles seroepidemiology and risk factors for low seroprevalence among newborns and children in Nha Trang, Viet Nam. Vaccine: X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100881