Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research · Published 2026-03-01 · DOI 10.56499/jppres_14.2.2332
Context: Solid waste from spent coffee grounds (SCG) has sharply increased due to a growing global coffee market. Concerning environmental impact, the value-added of solid waste from coffee drinking, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, was investigated in this research. Aims: To compare the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and wound healing properties of Arabica (AB) and Robusta (RB) coffee bean extracts and SCG extracts (AG and RG, respectively). Methods: The total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the extracts. In addition, the antioxidant and wound healing activities of the extracts were evaluated. Results: The coffee beans showed stronger antioxidant activity than the SCG extract. Robusta exhibited higher antioxidant activity than Arabica, consistent with its higher TPC. HPLC analysis identified melatonin and tryptophan in all samples, with greater concentrations in the coffee bean extracts, especially AB. GC-MS analysis indicated Robusta contained more caffeine. Interestingly, the AG extract had the lowest caffeine content (6.87%) but produced the fastest wound closure (84.8% after 48 h, compared with 77.5% for the control), achieving >98% closure after 72 h. Conclusions: Robusta contained higher antioxidant and polyphenol levels than Arabica, while coffee beans generally possessed more beneficial phytochemicals than spent grounds. However, the AG extract showed the greatest potential for promoting wound healing, suggesting its possible use in biomedical or cosmetic applications.
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