Food and Agricultural Immunology · Published 2026-07-03 · DOI 10.1080/09540105.2026.2697579
Jie Peng, Junfei Xu, Anwen Yuan, Juzuo Zhang
Uric acid (UA) homeostasis plays a vital role in maintaining human health via immune balance and oxidative stress. This process relies on the precise regulation of metabolic enzymes and transporters, as well as the coordinated crosstalk of the liver–kidney–intestine axis. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in UA homeostasis and analyses dynamic interactions at the molecular, organ, and system levels. On the basis of this evidence, a U-shaped risk model of UA homeostasis is proposed, in which intermediate range of 120–420 μmol/L is associated with relatively low risk, and both hyperuricaemia and hypouricemia increase the risk of multiple disorders. The potential mechanisms, including hepatic production, renal excretion, and intestinal excretion compensation, as well as the influences of self-limitation inflammation and intestinal microorganisms, were also discussed. This work provides theoretical support for individualized intervention strategies targeting key regulators based on specific phenotyping of UA metabolic imbalance.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
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Peng, J., Xu, J., Yuan, A., et al. (2026). Multilevel regulation of uric acid homeostasis linked to U-shaped health risk. Food and Agricultural Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2026.2697579