Hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome: a systematic review
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · Published 2017-12-01 · Available online 2 Aug 2017 · Journal article · DOI 10.1186/s13102-017-0079-8 · Cited by 119 (Crossref)
Authors (2)
Flavio A. Cadegiani, Claudio E. Kater
Abstract
Abstract Background Overtraining syndrome (OTS), functional (FOR) and non-functional overreaching (NFOR) are conditions diagnosed in athletes with decreased performance and fatigue, triggered by metabolic, immune, hormonal and other dysfunctions and resulted from an imbalance between training stress and proper recovery. Despite previous descriptions, there is a lack of a review that discloses all hormonal findings in OTS/FOR/NFOR. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether and which roles hormones play in OTS/FOR/NFOR. Methods A systematic search up to June 15th, 2017 was performed in the PUBMED, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases following PRISMA protocol, with the expressions: (1)overtraining, (2)overreaching, (3)overtrained, (4)overreached, or (5)underperformance, and (plus) (a)hormone, (b)hormonal, (c)endocrine, (d)adrenal, (e)cortisol, (f)GH, (g)ACTH, (h)testosterone, (i)IGF-1, (j)TSH, (k)T4, (l)T3, (m)LH, (n)FSH, (o)prolactin, (p) IGFBP-3 and related articles. Results A total of 38 studies were selected. Basal levels of hormones were mostly normal in athletes with OTS/FOR/NFOR compared with healthy athletes. Distinctly, stimulation tests, mainly performed in maximal exercise conditions, showed blunted GH and ACTH responses in OTS/FOR/NFOR athletes, whereas cortisol and plasma catecholamines showed conflicting findings and the other hormones responded normally. Conclusion Basal hormone levels are not good predictor but blunted ACTH and GH responses to stimulation tests may be good predictors of OTS/FOR/NFOR.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
Read the article at the publisher →
Publication details
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Year
- 2017
Citation
Cadegiani, F., Kater, C. (2017). Hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-017-0079-8
Related articles
- The effect of an 8-week Life Kinetics exercise program on salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and ımmunoglobulin-A in U14 female cross-country skiers · Frontiers in Physiology · 2026 · Cites or is cited by this article
- Epidemiological burden and associated factors of shoulder problems in indoor competitive volleyball players: a systematic review · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- Acute effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up on exercise performance in competitive athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- Modelling complex sports adaptation with electrocardiography: analysis of standard ECG, heart rate variability and QRST integral changes in elite athletes · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- Comparative effects of long- and short-interval aerobic high-intensity interval training on glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- Blood flow restriction training in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a comprehensive scoping review of randomised controlled trials · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- A bayesian inference and neural network model for predicting physical fitness consumption in table tennis athletes · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- Neurocognitive training with visual perturbation improves dual-task hop performance in male athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- Diagnostic accuracy of biodex balance system stability indices under single- and dual-task conditions in individuals with chronic ankle instability · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
- A comparison of the mechanical properties of the deltoid and trapezius muscles and shoulder range of motion in competitive young swimmers across different swimming strokes · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · 2026 · Same journal
Metrics
- Citations (Crossref)
- 119