Journal of Hematology & Oncology · Published 2025-11-20 · DOI 10.1186/s13045-025-01759-2
Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a highly efficacious treatment for refractory and relapsed hematological malignancies in recent years. However, the complex manufacturing procedures, stringent logistical requirements, and protracted production timelines associated with autologous ex vivo CAR-T cells render them costly and inaccessible to many patients. In contrast, in vivo CAR-T therapy directly delivers CAR-encoding transgenes to endogenous T cells, reprogramming them in situ. This approach obviates the need for apheresis, ex vivo cell manufacturing, and lymphodepleting chemotherapy inherent in conventional CAR-T therapy. Consequently, in vivo CAR-T represents a more efficient and economical paradigm, transforming CAR-T from individualized cellular products towards truly “ready-to-use” therapeutics. This review summarizes the latest research progress in in vivo CAR cell therapies, spanning from bench to bedside, to provide insights for advancing their clinical translation.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
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