Serum sPD-1 and sTIM-3 as T-cell exhaustion biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: the IL-6-associated exhaustion axis and the SLE Immune Exhaustion Index

Human Immunology · Published 2026-08-04 · DOI 10.1016/j.humimm.2026.112039

Authors (2)

Abdullah Salim Al-Karawi, Ali Saad Al-Budairi

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Publication details

Year

2026

Citation

Al-Karawi, A., Al-Budairi, A. (2026). Serum sPD-1 and sTIM-3 as T-cell exhaustion biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: the IL-6-associated exhaustion axis and the SLE Immune Exhaustion Index. Human Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2026.112039

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