Journal of Health Research · Published 2026-03-09 · DOI 10.56808/2586-940x.1189
<p><em>Background: </em>This research aimed to develop an empowerment model (HSB model) to effectively control blood sugar levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among older patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand.<em></em></p> <p><em>Methods: </em>The study utilized a mixed-methods approach comprising two phases. Phase 1 involved quantitative research on 300 participants using questionnaires to investigate the causal factors related to blood sugar control behavior (α = 0.85). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Phase 2 used qualitative research methods, specifically focus group discussions and brainstorming with relevant parties, to develop the HSB empowerment model based on the causal factors identified in Phase 1.<em></em></p> <p><em><em>Results: </em>The SEM analysis in Phase 1 identified key factors, including attitude, social support, health literacy and self-efficacy and blood sugar control behaviors. The factors of attitude and social support had direct effects on self-efficacy (β=0.70, 0.83, p</em></p> <p><em>Conclusion: </em>The developed HSB model shows high potential as an integrative healthcare model for older Type 2 Diabetes patients. It depends on community networks and incorporates existing resources within the Thai healthcare system to improve the quality of life for these patients.</p> <p><em>Keywords</em>: Type <em>2 </em>diabetes, Blood sugar control behaviors, Health literacy, Empowerment model, Self-efficacy, Thailand </p>
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