Medical Principles and Practice · Published 2025-07-25 · DOI 10.1159/000547621
<p>Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether the frequency of the Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1-null genotype) is associated with the development and/or severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature newborns (PTNBs). Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 60 PTNBs with BPD and 42 PTNBs without BPD, of both sexes, were evaluated. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyping was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the total sample, 59% were diagnosed with BPD. Males predominated in both groups (p = 0.6886). A higher rate of extreme PTNB was observed in cases (80%) and moderate in controls (55%) (p = 0.0006). Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) was most frequent in cases (43%) and low BW in controls (33%) (p = 0.0017). Grades II/III of BPD predominated in 58% of cases. Both the GSTM1-null genotype (odds ratio [OR]: 2.452; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.150–5.840; p = 0.0258) and gestational age (OR: 0.5271; 95% CI: 0.38–0.72; p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with BPD development. The GSTM1-null genotype was more frequent in cases (57%), indicating a significant risk of developing BPD (OR: 2.615; 95% CI: 1.152–5.939; p = 0.0267). Among cases, GSTM1-null was identified in 79% of extreme PTNBs (p = 0.0040) and 53% of ELBW newborns (p = 0.0098). In PTNB with BPD grades II/III, the GSTM1-null genotype was present in 69% of cases, indicating an increased risk for more severe forms of BPD (OR: 3.273; 95% CI: 1.120–9.564; p = 0.0364). Conclusion: PTNB with BPD have a higher frequency of the GSTM1-null genotype which is associated with an increased risk of developing BPD and its more severe forms. </p>
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