Anesthesiology Research and Practice · Published 2026-01-01 · DOI 10.1155/anrp/9950452
The aim of the present study is to lay out what the literature emphasizes regarding this topic, specifically the use of several drugs and their various doses, while explaining the mechanism of each agent, as well as discussing the comparison between lidocaine and these drugs, so that subsequent trials and investigators could rely on it when planning their approaches. This literature review includes studies ranging from 1981 to 2023. Pain associated with propofol injection is still a distressing issue for patients and physicians. There are two types of pain: immediate and delayed. We illustrated the most accepted mechanisms behind feeling pain. Different medications were reviewed in the present article in the context of the proposed mechanism by which they can alleviate PIP, advantages over other drugs, probable adverse effects, and the priority given to effectiveness in reducing pain compared to lidocaine and other drugs. To date, lidocaine remains the preferred and most popular method for decreasing pain occurrence and intensity, but promising results in recent studies regarding esketamine and paracetamol may be the basis for replacing lidocaine.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
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