Circulating-tumour DNA (ctDNA) in NSCLC: mechanisms, evidence and the future of MRD detection

BMJ Oncology · Published 2026-01-01 · DOI 10.1136/bmjonc-2025-001002

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Abstract

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) offers a minimally invasive approach for early detection of cancer, monitoring molecular residual disease, assessing molecular response and identifying treatment resistance in advanced stages. Additionally, ctDNA enhances clinical decision-making by enabling real-time tumour assessment. This review highlights the growing role of liquid biopsy as a predictive and prognostic tool in non-small cell lung cancer management.

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Year
2026

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