Sleep Epidemiology · Published 2025-11-20 · DOI 10.1016/j.sleepe.2025.100123
Background: Long-term adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often falls below 30 %. We report the first two-year evaluation of CPAP adherence among Vietnamese patients with moderate to severe OSA. Methods: In this prospective cohort, 32 treatment-naïve adults (Apnea–hypopnea index -AHI ≥ 15 events/h) were enrolled following in-lab polysomnography. Adherence was defined as ≥ 4 h/night on ≥ 70 % of nights over any 30-day period. CPAP monitoring and usage parameters (apnea-hypopnea index - residual AHI, compliance, adherence, P95 pressure- Mean 95th percentile CPAP pressure, air leakage) were recorded at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months. Predictors of long-term adherence were analyzed using correlation models. Results: All 32 participants completed follow-up. Adherence rates were 65.6 % at 1 month, 53.1 % at 3 months, 46.9 % at 6, 9, and 12 months, and 50.0 % at 24 months. Mean AHI fell from 56.3 ± 18.2 to 2.9 ± 2.8 events/h after one month (p < 0.001) and remained stable. Higher baseline AHI, obstructive apnea index, and apnea duration, lower mean SpO₂, and good 3-month adherence were all significantly associated with sustained use at two years. Conclusions: Approximately half of Vietnamese patients with moderate to severe OSA remain adherent to CPAP after two years. Both initial disease severity and early treatment adherence independently predict long-term adherence, underscoring the importance of close monitoring and intervention during the first three months of therapy.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
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