Diseases · Published 2026-07-14 · DOI 10.3390/diseases14070255
Margarita Hernández-Mixteco, Olga Valenzuela, Hanna Baranda-Jiménez, Ricardo Soria-Herrera, Manuel Carmen, Paola Castillo-Juárez, Karla Domínguez-González, Oscar Villavicencio-Carrisoza, Moises León-Juárez, Addy Helguera-Repetto, Victoria Campos-Peña, Eliud Garcia-Montalvo, Jorge Cerna-Cortés
Background/Objectives: Depression ranks among the most prevalent mental health disorders worldwide. Numerous studies have linked the C-1019G (rs6295) polymorphism in the serotonin 1A (<i>5-HT1A</i>) receptor gene to increased susceptibility to depression. In this study, sociodemographic variables and clinical characteristics were integrated with targeted genotyping of the C-1019G polymorphism to identify risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in a Mexican cohort. Methods: Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from 257 volunteers (202 healthy controls, 55 with depressive symptoms). Genotyping for C-1019G was performed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, and genotype frequencies were analyzed relative to Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) scores. Results: BDI scores were significantly lower among males, participants aged < 40 years, unmarried individuals, and those with a high school education (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Females were three times more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms than males (<i>p</i> = 0.004; OR = 3.08). Compared with participants aged < 40 years, those aged 40–65 and >65 years were two (<i>p</i> = 0.026; OR = 2.19) and five times (<i>p</i> < 0.001; OR = 5.71) more likely to report depressive symptoms, respectively. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus had twice the odds of depressive symptoms (<i>p</i> = 0.025; OR = 2.38). Odds increased twelvefold among those with diabetes plus arterial hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.001; OR = 12.25). Among males, the C/C genotype was observed exclusively in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.010). Furthermore, the genotypic distribution of this study population differed from that of European and Asian populations. Conclusions: These findings advance the understanding of depressive symptoms’ multifactorial etiology and may inform targeted screening and prevention strategies.
Abstract from DOAJ. Public domain (CC0 1.0).
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Hernández-Mixteco, M., Valenzuela, O., Baranda-Jiménez, H., et al. (2026). Association of the C-1019G (rs6295) Polymorphism of the 5-HT1A Receptor Gene, Sociodemographic Variables, and Clinical Characteristics with Depressive Symptoms in a Mexican Population. Diseases. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases14070255